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MT000158

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name	coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor
Protein Entry	CXAR_HUMAN
UniProt ID	P78310
Species	Human

Comments

Comment type	Description
Alternative Products	Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=7; Name=1; Synonyms=SIV; IsoId=P78310-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2; Synonyms=CAR2, HCAR2, TVV; IsoId=P78310-2; Sequence=VSP_014825, VSP_014826; Note=Ref.14 (AAD31772) sequence is in conflict in position: 343:P->A. {ECO:0000305}; Name=3; Synonyms=CAR2/7, Gamma; IsoId=P78310-3; Sequence=VSP_014819, VSP_014820; Name=4; Synonyms=CAR3/7; IsoId=P78310-4; Sequence=VSP_014821, VSP_014822; Name=5; Synonyms=CAR4/7, Beta; IsoId=P78310-5; Sequence=VSP_014823, VSP_014824; Name=6; IsoId=P78310-6; Sequence=VSP_047357; Note=Gene prediction based on EST data.; Name=7; Synonyms=CAR 4/6; IsoId=P78310-7; Sequence=VSP_047729;
Domain	The Ig-like C2-type 1 domain mediates homodimerization and interaction with AMICA1.
Domain	The PDZ-binding motif mediates interaction with MPDZ and BAIAP1.
Function	Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as an homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with AMICA1/JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, AMICA1 induces downstream cell signaling events in gamma-delta T- cells through PI3-kinase and MAP kinases. It results in proliferation and production of cytokines and growth factors by T- cells that in turn stimulate epithelial tissues repair. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11734628, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12297051, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15800062, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19064666, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9096397}.
Ptm	N-glycosylated. {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm	Palmitoylated on Cys-259 and/or Cys-260; required for proper localization to the plasma membrane. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12021372}.
Similarity	Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular Location	Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell junction, tight junction. Cell junction, adherens junction. Basolateral cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=In epithelial cells localizes to the apical junction complex composed of tight and adherens junctions. In airway epithelial cells localized to basolateral membrane but not to apical surface.
Subcellular Location	Isoform 2: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell junction, tight junction. Cell junction, adherens junction. Basolateral cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Note=In epithelial cells localizes to the apical junction complex composced of tight and adherens junctions. In airway epithelial cells localized to basolateral membrane but not to apical surface.
Subcellular Location	Isoform 3: Secreted.
Subcellular Location	Isoform 4: Secreted.
Subcellular Location	Isoform 5: Secreted.
Subunit	Monomer. May form homodimer. Interacts with LNX, BAIAP1, DLG4, PRKCABP, TJP1 and CTNNB1. Interacts with MPDZ; recruits MPDZ to intercellular contact sites. Interacts with AMICA1 (homodimeric form). Secreted isoform 3, isoform 4 and isoform 5 can interact with the extracellular domain of the receptor. Interacts with adenovirus subgroups A, C, D, E and F fiber proteins as well as coxsackievirus B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 capsid proteins and acts as a receptor for these viruses. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10567268, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10666333, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10814575, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11734628, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12297051, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12468544, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14978041, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15304526, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15364909, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15800062, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19064666, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9733828}.
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in pancreas, brain, heart, small intestine, testis, prostate and at a lower level in liver and lung. Isoform 5 is ubiquitously expressed. Isoform 3 is expressed in heart, lung and pancreas. In skeletal muscle, isoform 1 is found at the neuromuscular junction and isoform 2 is found in blood vessels. In cardiac muscle, isoform 1 and isoform 2 are found at intercalated disks. In heart expressed in subendothelial layers of the vessel wall but not in the luminal endothelial surface. Expression is elevated in hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10490761, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11457744, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11549277, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9096397}.