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MT000697

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information

Gene Name	autophagy related 12
Protein Entry	ATG12_HUMAN
UniProt ID	O94817
Species	Human

Comments

Comment type	Description
Alternative Products	Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; Name=1; IsoId=O94817-1; Sequence=Displayed; Name=2; IsoId=O94817-4; Sequence=VSP_018104, VSP_018105; Note=No experimental confirmation available.;
Domain	Shares weak sequence similarity with ubiquitin family, but contains an 'ubiquitin superfold' and the C-terminal Gly is required for isopeptide linkage. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18704115}.
Function	Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct association with RARRES3 and MAVS. Plays also a role in translation or delivery of incoming viral RNA to the translation apparatus. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12207896, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17709747, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17999726, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19074260, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19164948, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19666601, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23202584}.
Induction	Expression is induced by mitochondrial DNA deletions, chloramphenicol and nicotinamide. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17457038, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19473119}.
Miscellaneous	Small amount of ATG5-ATG12 conjugate is enough to perform normal autophagy.
Ptm	Acetylated by EP300. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19124466}.
Sequence Caution	Sequence=AAH12266.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Similarity	Belongs to the ATG12 family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Preautophagosomal structure membrane {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22342342}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22342342}. Note=TECPR1 recruits the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate to the autolysosomal membrane.
Subunit	Forms a conjugate with ATG5. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate forms a complex with several units of ATG16L. Interacts with ATG3, ATG7 and ATG10. ATG12-ATG5 also interacts with MAVS, MGA, RARRES3 and TECPR1. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11096062, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11825910, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12207896, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17709747, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22342342, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23202584}.
Tissue Specificity	Ubiquitous. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9852036}.